Thermodynamics

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, where:

C = Heat Capacity (J/K)

m = Mass of sample (kg)

c = Specific Heat Capacity (J/(kg*K))

, where:

c_p = Specific Heat Capacity at a Constant Pressure (J/(kg*K))

m = Mass of sample (kg)

Q = Heat Transferred (J)

T = Temperature (K)

p = Constant Pressure (p)

, where:

m = Mass of sample (kg)

Q = Heat energy transferred (J)

T = Temperature (K)

V = Constant Volume (m³)

c_v = Specific Heat Capacity at a constant volume (J/(kg*K))

, where:

= Heat Capacity Ratio is approximately:

C_P = Heat Capacity at a Constant Pressure (J/K)

C_V = Heat Capacity at a Constant Volume (J/K)

, where:

A = Helmholtz Free Energy (J)

U = Internal Energy (J)

T = Temperature (K)

S = Entropy (J/K)